One of the recurring themes on this site is the endangerment of freedom
of speech caused by Political Correctness. Unfortunately, in championing the
cause of free speech, I often end up butting up against an uncomfortable
dilemma.
On the one hand, I believe in negative rights over positive rights. To
see what I mean, consider the First Amendment to the US Constitution, which, in
its entirety, states:
Congress
shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the
free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or
the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government
for a redress of grievances.
Notice, it’s all
about what the government can’t do. It doesn’t say anything about what one
citizen has to provide to another. For instance, lefty commenters have
complained over the years that my blog isn’t free speech friendly because I
insist on approving every comment before I post them. My reply has always been
that this is a my
speech zone not a free speech zone (even though I have only ever refrained from
posting one comment: a physical threat made by one commenter against another).
An example of a
positive right is the so-called fairness doctrine that used to exist in the US.
It forced public broadcasters to provide equal time for opposing points of
view. The practical result was that broadcasters avoided presenting any point
of view at all for fear of ending up in a ratings soaking, tit-for-tat between
opposing ideologists. Instead of promoting political debate, the positive right
to ‘fairness’ squelching it. It was only after the Reagan administration got
rid of it that Rush Limbaugh and talk radio began to flourish.
Therefore, in
the interest of free discourse, I am against a positive right to free speech.
The problem with
this stance is that Political Correctness flourishes in a climate of no
positive free speech rights, just as long as the PC bullyboys don’t cash a
government paycheque. Take campus free speech. In the US, many important
post-secondary schools, like Harvard and Stanford, are private. The negative
rights enshrined by the First Amendment offer no protection for their students
against free-speech-hating administrators. Fortunately, because most of these
schools are large-scale recipients of federal grants, governments can enforce
an atmosphere of free discourse - if they choose to do. A group that I very
much support - FIRE (Foundation for Individual Rights in Education) - has been
doing a lot of good, insisting that governments do just that.
But what about
the many cases of free-speech suppression where government grants can’t be used
as leverage. What do you do there? The most recent incident concerns the
Toronto Blue Jays’ shortstop who was subject to an obligatory two-minute hate
for having an anti-homosexual (oops, I almost said homophobic) slogan on his
eye-black during a recent baseball game.
Here is my
dilemma: I support the negative right to free speech while opposing the
positive right, but this is precisely the legal environment that grants the
non-governmental PC thugs free reign.
What I yearn for
is the climate of free speech that existed briefly in the 1970’s. If you are
old enough, you may recall that in that era liberals were fond of quoting
Voltaire’s line, “I do not agree with what you have to say, but I’ll defend to
the death your right to say it.” While a lot of them omitted the “to the death”
part, fat chance of hearing a liberal say something like this today. More
likely, she will spit out, “Racist! Sexist! Homophobe! Fire ’im now!” The
1970’s were a charmed time for free speech because conservative prudery had
withered but left-wing prudery had not yet metastasized (though there were some
ominous signs, if you looked).
You don’t
believe me? Consider the article entitled Foreigners Around the World that
appeared in the National Lampoon in May, 1976 by then lefty anarchist P J
O’Rourke. While National Lampoon was criticized for its X-rated, scatological
humour, this article inspired no particular outrage above the norm. These days
it would be a career-ender, assuming you could find a publisher suicidal enough
to publish it. Even National Lampoon has scrubbed it from its website. It would
be denounced in Parliament and by the President. Hell, even I am shocked
rereading it.
And yet, there
is no doubt that P J O’Rourke is not a racist. And the article is funny. And in the 1970’s most
people got that. Why can’t we in the 21st century just tell the PC
goons where to stick it?
I think I am
beginning to answer my own question here when I say that there are two parts to
the free speech issue: the negative right to be free from government
censorship, and tolerance by the public at large. And when I mean tolerance, I
don’t mean the perverted form of that word in common usage today: a moral
obligation on the part of people to not dislike people belonging to protected
groups, on penalty of thought-crime. I mean tolerance in the Voltairean sense
of being able to associate with people in a civilized manner even though you
disagree with them.
Of course, if
everybody had
to be a Voltairean then we wouldn’t have freedom of thought either. What I am
pining for are the days when most people were Voltaireans most of the time, so that society
as a whole could disagree with but tolerate the Illinois Nazis among us (the Blues
Brothers film being another great cultural artifact from the 1970’s - yes, yes
I know it came out in 1980).
How do we get
there from here? I think the first step is a realization that rights and
civilization are not printed on paper but in the hearts of men. The second step
is for all friends of free speech and freedom of thought and true tolerance to
go out and proselytize for it and insist on it.
That has always
been the way real political and cultural change has been affected.